Germany is world-renowned for its Christmas markets, known as Weihnachtsmärkte, which transform city squares into enchanting winter wonderlands. These markets have a long tradition, dating back to the Middle Ages, and today, they are a quintessential part of German culture during the holiday season. From mid-November until Christmas Eve, towns and cities across the country are adorned with twinkling lights, festive decorations, and charming wooden stalls, creating an atmosphere of joy and warmth.
Visitors to Germany during the Christmas season can enjoy sipping mulled wine, tasting delicious holiday treats, shopping for unique handmade gifts, and experiencing traditional German holiday customs. In this guide, we’ll explore some of the best Christmas markets in Germany, the history behind them, and how to make the most of your visit.
1. The History and Tradition of German Christmas Markets
Christmas markets in Germany are steeped in history, with the first recorded market believed to have been held in Dresden in 1434. These markets were originally created to provide townspeople with essential goods for the winter season, but over time, they evolved into festive events that celebrated the joy of Christmas.
Medieval Origins
The earliest Christmas markets in Germany served as winter trading posts where locals could purchase food, clothing, and handcrafted goods in preparation for the cold months ahead. As Christianity became more prominent, these markets began to center around the celebration of Christmas, incorporating religious elements such as nativity scenes and carol singing.
- Dresden’s Striezelmarkt (1434): The Striezelmarkt in Dresden is considered one of the oldest Christmas markets in Germany. It began as a one-day market for local bakers and craftsmen to sell their goods, including the famous Dresden Stollen, a fruitcake that is now a beloved holiday treat.
- Nuremberg Christkindlesmarkt (1628): The Nuremberg Christmas market is another historic event, dating back to the early 17th century. It remains one of the most famous markets in Germany, drawing visitors from around the world.
Tradition and Customs
Over the centuries, German Christmas markets have kept many of their traditional elements, making them a special part of the holiday season for both locals and tourists.
- Wooden Stalls: Many markets feature rows of wooden huts or stalls, decorated with garlands and twinkling lights, where vendors sell everything from ornaments to candles, toys, and traditional crafts.
- Nativity Scenes: Large nativity scenes, often with life-sized figures, are commonly found at Christmas markets, serving as a reminder of the religious significance of the holiday.
- Christmas Carols and Music: Traditional Christmas songs and performances add to the festive atmosphere, with choirs, bands, and organ music filling the air.
2. Best Christmas Markets in Germany
Germany is home to hundreds of Christmas markets, each with its own unique charm and character. Whether you’re looking for a bustling urban market or a quaint village affair, there is something for everyone. Below are some of the best Christmas markets to visit.
Nuremberg Christkindlesmarkt: Germany’s Most Famous Market
The Nuremberg Christkindlesmarkt is one of the oldest and most iconic Christmas markets in Germany, attracting over two million visitors each year. Located in the city’s historic Hauptmarkt (Main Square), this market is famous for its traditional gingerbread (Lebkuchen), wooden toys, and the festive figure of the Christkind, a golden angel who officially opens the market each year.
- Must-Try: Nuremberg’s Lebkuchen, a traditional German gingerbread, is a holiday staple. Look for stalls selling these spiced treats, often shaped as hearts and decorated with colorful icing.
- Unique Feature: The market is opened by the Christkind, a young girl dressed as an angel who delivers a prologue to start the festivities. The Christkind also visits children, bringing gifts and joy throughout the market’s duration.
Dresden Striezelmarkt: A Christmas Classic
The Striezelmarkt in Dresden is one of the oldest and most beloved Christmas markets in Germany, dating back to 1434. Held in the city’s Altmarkt Square, it is named after the Striezel, an early version of the now-famous Stollen fruitcake.
- Must-Try: Dresden’s Stollen is a must. This dense, fruit-filled cake is dusted with powdered sugar and makes for a perfect holiday treat.
- Unique Feature: Dresden’s Striezelmarkt is famous for its Christmas pyramid, a towering wooden structure adorned with rotating figures of angels and other festive characters.
Cologne Christmas Market: A Festive Fairytale
Cologne hosts several Christmas markets, but the one at the base of the towering Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom) is perhaps the most magical. With its breathtaking backdrop, thousands of lights, and an impressive Christmas tree, this market is truly a festive wonderland.
- Must-Try: Sample Reibekuchen, crispy potato pancakes served with applesauce, and sip on Glühwein, the German version of mulled wine.
- Unique Feature: The Cologne Cathedral market features an enormous Christmas tree and a stage where live music performances add to the festive spirit.
Munich Christkindlmarkt: Bavarian Charm
Munich’s Christkindlmarkt is held in the city’s Marienplatz, surrounded by Gothic architecture and the grandiose New Town Hall. This market is steeped in Bavarian traditions, offering regional specialties and artisanal crafts.
- Must-Try: Enjoy traditional Bavarian fare like Weißwurst (white sausage) with pretzels or the ever-popular Bratwurst.
- Unique Feature: Munich’s Christmas market features the Krampuslauf, where people dressed as the mythical Krampus (a companion of St. Nicholas) parade through the streets, delighting and scaring visitors.
Stuttgart Christmas Market: A Winter Wonderland
Stuttgart’s Weihnachtsmarkt is one of the largest and most beautifully decorated Christmas markets in Germany. Spread across the city’s Schillerplatz and Marktplatz, the market is known for its elaborately adorned stalls and festive atmosphere.
- Must-Try: Don’t miss out on Glühwein (mulled wine) and Gebrannte Mandeln (candied almonds), which are perfect for keeping warm as you browse the stalls.
- Unique Feature: The roofs of the market stalls are uniquely decorated with miniature villages, nativity scenes, and festive figures, making the entire market a feast for the eyes.
3. Traditional German Christmas Treats
German Christmas markets are not only known for their festive ambiance but also for the delicious food and drinks on offer. Visitors can indulge in a variety of traditional German treats, many of which are only available during the holiday season.
Glühwein: The Ultimate Winter Warmer
No visit to a German Christmas market is complete without a steaming mug of Glühwein, a spiced mulled wine that is served hot to help keep the cold at bay.
- How It’s Made: Glühwein is made by heating red wine and adding spices such as cinnamon, cloves, star anise, and citrus. For an extra kick, try Feuerzangenbowle, a version of Glühwein with a rum-soaked sugarloaf set aflame before being mixed into the drink.
- Non-Alcoholic Option: For those who don’t drink alcohol, Kinderpunsch is a popular non-alcoholic version made with fruit juice and spices.
Lebkuchen: Germany’s Favorite Gingerbread
Lebkuchen is a traditional German gingerbread that comes in various forms, from soft, spiced cookies to elaborately decorated hearts sold at Christmas markets. These treats are often flavored with honey, spices, and nuts and are a beloved part of the holiday season.
- Types of Lebkuchen: The most famous Lebkuchen comes from Nuremberg, where they are made with a mixture of almonds, honey, and spices. You’ll also find Elisenlebkuchen, which contains a high percentage of nuts and is often considered the finest version.
Bratwurst: A Hearty Christmas Market Staple
For those craving something savory, Bratwurst is a must. These German sausages are grilled over an open flame and served in a crusty roll with mustard, making them a satisfying meal to enjoy while strolling through the market.
- Regional Variations: Each region of Germany has its own take on Bratwurst. In Nuremberg, for example, the sausages are smaller and often served in groups of three in a bun.
Stollen: A Holiday Fruitcake
Stollen is a dense, fruit-filled cake that is dusted with powdered sugar, making it one of Germany’s most iconic holiday treats. It is traditionally made with dried fruits, nuts, and marzipan, and is a beloved part of Christmas celebrations.
- Dresden Stollen: The city of Dresden is famous for its Christstollen, which is so revered that there is even an annual Stollen festival, where a giant version of the cake is paraded through the streets.
Gebrannte Mandeln: Candied Almonds
Gebrannte Mandeln, or candied almonds, are a sweet treat often found at Christmas markets. These crunchy, caramelized nuts are roasted in sugar and cinnamon, filling the air with their delicious aroma.
4. What to Expect When Visiting a Christmas Market
Visiting a Christmas market in Germany is a sensory experience filled with sights, sounds, and tastes that will immerse you in the festive spirit. Here’s what to expect:
Atmosphere and Decorations
Christmas markets are typically held in historic town squares, which are decorated with twinkling lights, garlands, and large Christmas trees. The wooden stalls are often adorned with festive decorations, and the smell of mulled wine and roasted chestnuts fills the air.
- Lights and Music: Christmas carols play in the background, and many markets feature live music performances, from brass bands to choirs, adding to the festive atmosphere.
- Outdoor Setting: The markets are held outdoors, so it’s important to dress warmly and wear comfortable shoes, as you’ll likely be spending hours walking through the stalls and enjoying the ambiance.
Shopping for Gifts
One of the highlights of visiting a Christmas market is browsing the stalls for unique holiday gifts. Many vendors sell handmade crafts, including ornaments, candles, toys, and wooden carvings.
- Traditional Crafts: Look for Schwibbögen (candle arches), Räuchermännchen (wooden incense smokers), and nutcrackers, which are traditional German crafts often found at Christmas markets.
Family-Friendly Fun
Christmas markets in Germany are great for families, with many offering activities for children, including rides, games, and storytelling.
- Carousels and Ice Skating: Many markets have carousels and ice skating rinks, providing entertainment for children and adults alike.
- Visits from St. Nicholas: In some markets, children can meet St. Nicholas, who hands out small gifts and sweets to those who have been good throughout the year.
5. Planning Your Trip to a German Christmas Market
If you’re planning to visit a Christmas market in Germany, here are some tips to help you make the most of your experience:
When to Go
Most Christmas markets in Germany start in late November and run through to Christmas Eve, although some remain open until early January.
- Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit is during the evening, when the markets are fully illuminated, and the atmosphere is most festive. However, be prepared for crowds, especially on weekends.
What to Wear
Since Christmas markets are held outdoors, it’s essential to dress warmly. Layer your clothing, wear a good pair of gloves and a hat, and bring a scarf to keep the cold at bay.
- Comfortable Footwear: You’ll be doing a lot of walking, so wear comfortable shoes that can handle both cobblestone streets and potentially snowy conditions.
Bring Cash
Many vendors at Christmas markets only accept cash, so make sure to bring enough for food, drinks, and gifts. ATMs are often available nearby, but it’s best to have some cash on hand.
Getting Around
Germany’s public transportation system makes it easy to travel between cities and towns to visit multiple Christmas markets.
- Trains: Germany’s efficient Deutsche Bahn rail network connects major cities, making it easy to explore different markets during your trip. Many cities also have convenient tram or metro systems to help you navigate locally.
FAQs: Christmas Markets in Germany
Are Christmas markets crowded?
Yes, Christmas markets can be quite crowded, especially on weekends and in the evenings. To avoid the largest crowds, consider visiting during the daytime or early in the week.
When do Christmas markets in Germany start?
Most Christmas markets in Germany begin in late November and run until Christmas Eve, although some may stay open until early January.
What should I wear to a Christmas market?
Dress warmly in layers, and wear comfortable shoes. Since the markets are held outdoors, a good pair of gloves, a hat, and a scarf will help keep you warm during your visit.
Are Christmas markets in Germany family-friendly?
Yes, many Christmas markets offer activities for children, such as carousels, ice skating, and visits from St. Nicholas, making them a great family outing.
What is Glühwein?
Glühwein is a traditional German mulled wine made with red wine, spices, and citrus. It’s a popular drink at Christmas markets and is often served in festive mugs.
Can I pay with a card at Christmas markets?
While some vendors may accept cards, many only take cash, so it’s a good idea to bring cash with you. ATMs are usually available nearby.
What are some traditional foods to try at a Christmas market?
Traditional foods include Bratwurst, Lebkuchen (gingerbread), Reibekuchen (potato pancakes), Stollen (fruitcake), and Gebrannte Mandeln (candied almonds).
What gifts can I buy at a Christmas market?
Popular gifts include handmade ornaments, candles, wooden toys, nutcrackers, and traditional German crafts like Räuchermännchen (incense smokers) and Schwibbögen (candle arches).
Which Christmas market is the oldest in Germany?
Dresden’s Striezelmarkt, dating back to 1434, is considered one of the oldest Christmas markets in Germany.
What is the Christkind?
The Christkind is a traditional figure in German Christmas markets, particularly in Nuremberg. She is portrayed as a young girl dressed as an angel who opens the market and brings gifts to children.